Sales And Trading Lifestyle

Impact Of Counterfeits On Parallel Trade & Pharmaceutical Distribution: Issues, Initiatives And Insights For Supply Chain Integrity-Aarkstore Ente

However, counterfeit drugs have been shown to be increasingly introduced into the global supply chain, which threatens patient safety, ethical pharmaceutical sales, and undermines the integrity of the distribution channels. Parallel trade is regarded as a major contributor to counterfeiting and this is explored in the report.

Furthermore, the report provides a comprehensive account of the route of market access for counterfeits and shows how companies and governments in Europe and North America are tackling the problem strategically. It also updates the reader on the latest parallel trade and anti-counterfeiting initiatives adopted globally and whether current efforts to stem the practice have been successful or not. The report discusses further action plans and recommends which strategies are likely to best curtail the practice.

This report also evaluates the extent of parallel trade in Europe and counterfeiting globally with an analysis of major counterfeit-producing countries and the anti-counterfeiting efforts currently in place.

Key findings

• Parallel trade is an expanding global sector of industry now that reimportation is permitted in the USA. European parallel trade is set to grow based on accession countries providing new markets in which to trade multiple products in multiple markets.

• Counterfeiting is prevalent in higher priced drug markets of developed nations and also in lower priced markets of essential drugs in developing countries.

• The drug distribution routes are the market access points for counterfeits. Parallel traded and non-parallel traded routes are vulnerable to counterfeiting.

• Anti-counterfeiting technologies are being deployed in westernised countries but there are issues that need to be resolved before widespread implementation such as standardization of protocols, technology reliability and validity, and stakeholder funding.

Key features of this report

•Analysis of parallel trade and counterfeiting in European Union, North America, Asia and Africa. Country-by-country analysis including France, Germany, UK, USA, Spain, Netherlands, USA, Canada, China, India, and other countries.
•Evaluation of the drivers behind parallel trade and counterfeiting in context of drug distribution.
•Coverage of recent regulatory and legislation changes relative to parallel trade and counterfeiting in Europe and North America.

Use this report to

•Understand how the international markets are affected by parallel trade and counterfeiting.
•Information on the scope of parallel trade and counterfeiting in key European territories and how importation has affected pricing in North America.
•Evaluate the impact of importation on the US market and how counterfeits can penetrate the drug supply-distribution chain.
•Shows the routes of market access for counterfeits and why they are increasingly being produced.

Discover

• What is the process of parallel trade in Europe and North America and why is it associated with counterfeiting?
• What is the extent of parallel trade and reimportation in Europe and North America?
• How has recent regulation and legislation changed the parallel trade sector?
• What is the impact of online pharmacies on parallel trade and counterfeiting?
• How are countries dealing with counterfeiting and what efforts have been implemented?
 
 
  Table of Contents : 
Table of Contents
Impact of Counterfeits on Parallel Trade &
Pharmaceutical Distribution
Executive summary 10
PT in Europe: A legitimate mechanism for redistribution 10
PT in North America: A cross-border growth industry 11
Counterfeits and the global supply-distribution chain 12
Anti-counterfeiting strategies: current perspectives 13
Global initiatives to combat counterfeiting 14
Chapter 1 PT in Europe: A legitimate mechanism for redistribution 16
Summary 16
Introduction 17
The parallel trade process 18
Driving factors for profitable parallel trade 20
Drug price differential 20
Exchange rate fluctuations 21
Government price controls 22
Pharmacoeconomics as a price control measure 24
Multiple importation markets driving profit margins 24
Supportive legal and regulatory free trade framework 25
Selection criteria for parallel-traded drugs 26
Disease incidence and type 26
Drug formulation 26
Transport and distribution 27
Advantages and disadvantages of parallel trade 29
Key advantages of parallel trade 29
Key disadvantages of parallel trade 31
Quality and safety concerns: the risk of counterfeiting 32
Parallel traders: building bridges for portfolio services 34
Extent of parallel trade in European markets 35
Denmark 37
Germany 38
France 38
Netherlands 39
Norway 39
Spain 39
United Kingdom 41
Direct-to-pharmacy distribution 42
Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme 2009 43
Recent legislation on parallel trade in Europe 44
Importance of stakeholder support 46
Chapter 2 PT in North America: A crossborder growth industry 48
Summary 48
Pharmaceutical importation in the US 49
The legal framework: past and present 49
2003 Medicare reform bill and Canadian imports 50
Recent legislature on importation 53
Scope of parallel importation in the US 54
Online pharmacies and parallel distribution 56
Unapproved imports in Canada 61
Chapter 3 Counterfeits and the global pharmaceutical supplydistribution chain 64
Summary 64
Introduction 65
The extent of counterfeiting – a global analysis 66
Factors driving counterfeit trade 67
Counterfeits in developed countries: recent evidence 70
European Union 70
United Kingdom 71
France 72
Germany 73
Italy 73
Netherlands 73
Recent enforcement action in the EU 74
North America 76
USA 76
Canada 77
Counterfeits in developing countries 78
Counterfeiting in Africa, Asia, Middle East, and South America 79
Africa 81
Middle East 82
Asia 82
Types of drugs targeted by counterfeiters 83
Counterfeits and the pharmaceutical distribution chain 86
Access points for counterfeits 86
Repackaging, wholesaling, and counterfeiting: recent issues 89
Repackaging and counterfeiting 89
Wholesaling and counterfeiting 90
Online pharmacies 90
Unauthorized Internet pharmacies and counterfeits 91
Major producers of counterfeit drugs: China and India 94
China 95
Domestic counterfeiting: recent evidence 96
Contract manufacturing and the risk of counterfeiting 97
The counterfeit route: going West 99
India 99
Factors contributing to copycat & counterfeiting activities 100
The legitimate distribution pathway: problems going West 102
Chapter 4 Anti-counterfeiting strategies: current perspectives 104
Summary 104
Anti-counterfeiting strategies 105
Technical strategies 105
Non-technical strategies 105
Non-technical strategies and counterfeiting: current initiatives 106
Anti-counterfeiting technologies in developed countries 107
Current focus: track-and-trace technologies & mass serialization 109
European Union 109
United States 110
Mass serialization: main technology types 112
Barcodes 112
Radio frequency identification 112
Radio frequency identification in developed countries: recent activities 116
Chemical authentication technologies in developed countries: recent activities and initiatives 117
New packaging technologies 119
Anti-counterfeiting technologies in developing countries 120
Radio frequency identification in developing countries: recent activities 120
Chapter 5 Global initiatives to combat counterfeiting 122
Summary 122
International anti-counterfeiting initiatives 123
Government efforts 123
European Commission 123
United States Department of Health & Human Services 126
World Health Organization 127
INTERPOL 129
Non-government efforts 129
UNICEF 129
Medecins Sans Frontières 130
UNITAID 130
Anti-counterfeiting initiatives in Asia 131
India 131
China 132
Taiwan 134
Pharmaceutical trade and industry organizations 135
Pharmaceutical Security Institute (PSI) 136
International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations
(IFPMA) 136
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (EFPIA) 137
The European Alliance for Access to Safe Medicines (EAASM) 139
New initiative: Rx-360 139
Stockholm Network 140
Considerations for parallel trade and counterfeiting 140
Key points and recommendations 140
Chapter 6 Appendix 143
Primary research methodology 143
References 143
Websites 144
Glossary 145
Index 147

List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Generalized parallel trade process for pharmaceuticals in Europe 19
Figure 1.2: Major factors contributing to parallel trade in the EU 28
Figure 1.3: Advantages & disadvantages of parallel trade 32
Figure 1.4: Estimated market penetration of parallel imports by value in key European destinations (%), 2001 & 2009 37
Figure 2.5: Key opposing issues on parallel importation from Canada 53
Figure 2.6: Prescription drugs typically imported into the US 56
Figure 2.7: Typical savings offered by a Canadian online pharmacy, 2009 58
Figure 2.8: Lowest price guarantee offered by Canadian online pharmacy, 2009 59
Figure 3.9: Therapy areas with largest increase in incidents y-o-y (%), 2008 67
Figure 3.10: Key factors driving counterfeiting in pharmaceuticals 69
Figure 3.11: Increasing trend of counterfeiting, illegal diversion and theft of pharmaceuticals, 2002- 2008 70
Figure 3.12: Counterfeit access points in the drug distribution chain 87
Figure 4.13: Non-technical and technical anti-counterfeiting strategies used in the drug supply and distribution chain 107
Figure 4.14: Advantages & disadvantages of RFID & EPC anti-counterfeiting technologies 115

List of Tables
Table 1.1: Common pharmaceutical pricing controls 23
Table 1.2: European stakeholder support initiatives 46
Table 2.3: Key Provisions of the H.R.1 [108th] Medicare Prescription Drug, 51
Table 2.4: Key Provisions of the H.R.1 [108th] Medicare Prescription Drug, 52
Table 2.5: Popular online pharmacy brands, 2009 57
Table 2.6: Popular full service online pharmacies in the US 60
Table 2.7: Drug price savings offered by Canadian pharmacies in 2009 61
Table 3.8: Results of IMPACT-INTERPOL anti-counterfeit initiatives in developing countries 80
Table 3.9: Lifestyle drugs potentially targeted by counterfeiters 84
Table 3.10: Products susceptible to counterfeits in the US, 2004 85
Table 3.11: Authorized online pharmacies in the US 92
Table 4.12: Anti-counterfeiting technology types 109
Table 5.13: Key European Commission anti-counterfeiting proposals, 2008 124
Table 5.14: World Health Organization guidelines to combat drug counterfeiting 128
Table 5.15: EFPIA policy initiatives on parallel trade to maintain supply integrity 138
 
 

For More information please contact :

http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Impact-of-Counterfeits-on-Parallel-Trade-Pharmaceutical-Distribution-Issues-initiatives-and-insights-for-supply-chain-integrity-32323.html

About the Author

Minal H
SEO
vinod.minal@gmail.com
http://www.aarkstore.com

L’Oreal Paris Advanced RevitaLift Double Eye Lift, 0.5 Ounce $5.29 1 minute lifting. Under Eye Anti-Wrinkle Cream + Upper Eye Lifting Gel. Pro-Retinol A + Pro-Tensium E. Why is RevitaLift Double Lifting Eye right for me? Over time, the fibers that support skin around your eyes weaken, allowing gravity to pull it down. As a result, the skin loses firmness and wrinkles form. The Innovation: 1-Minute Lifting: With intense Lifting Activators, L’Oreal laboratories hav…

L’Oreal Paris RevitaLift Deep-Set Wrinkle Repair Day Lotion, SPF 15, 1.7-Fluid Ounce $8.74 Intensive restoring treatment. Pro-Retinol A + fiber-restoring complex. Why is RevitaLift Deep-Set Wrinkle Repair right for me? With age, cell regeneration slows and skin’s fiber capital, the support network essential for smooth and wrinkle free skin, begins to collapse. Some wrinkles deepen and settle into the skin, becoming more visible as stubborn crow’s feet forehead, brow and frown lines. For…

Melissa & Doug Mollie & Bollie Good Gripping Gloves $3.29 Young gardeners will love to get a grip on gardening jobs with these child size gripper gloves. You will enjoy knowing that your childs hands will remain clean and protected, you child will enjoy having the gloves hosed off….

Melissa & Doug Sunny Patch Froggy Toss and Grip $5.95 Catch some outdoor fun with the Melissa and Doug Sunny Patch Froggy Toss and Grip! This fun tossing and catching game includes 2 soft, self-stick mitts, and 2 balls. Two players simply stand a distance apart, toss the self-stick ball, and try to catch it on their self-stick, Froggy mitt. The Toss and Grip game provides a great way to develop hand-eye coordination! Its perfect for beach, playground…

Change Your Thoughts – Change Your Life: Living the Wisdom of the Tao $4.49 Five hundred years before the birth of Jesus, a God-realized being named Lao-tzu in ancient China dictated 81 verses, which are regarded by many as the ultimate commentary on the nature of our existence. The classic text of these 81 verses, called the Tao Te Ching or the Great Way, offers advice and guidance that is balanced, moral, spiritual, and always concerned with working for the good. In thi…

Making Room for Life: Trading Chaotic Lifestyles for Connected Relationships $2.68 This thought-provoking book exposes the chaos and pressure of “normal” living and points toward a better life where community and church are authentic, rich, and as close as the neighbors on your stre…

Perfect Weight America: Change Your Diet. Change Your Life. Change Your World $0.01 The author of the New York Times best seller The Maker’s Diet is back with an approach to weight management that addresses the whole person: body, mind,emotions, and spirit. As our obesity statisti…

The Saboteur $3.99 Electronic Arts Inc. The Saboteur 19098 299…

Trading Strategies for Direct Access Trading by Sales, Robert Edition , 0 $13.99 Whatever their chosen strategy–scalping, swing, or position–direct access traders all require different styles for seizing profit opportunities. Trading Strategies for Direct Access Trading discusses everything traders need to determine their optimum trading styles, choose the stocks that best suit those styles, and evaluate and manage risk. Fast, hard-hitting, and detailed–with case studies of successful strategies–it will help every trader formulate a plan for success.

Insider Trading in Loss Firms. $115.71 This study investigates whether insiders in loss firms trade their company stock differentially around new loss and loss reversal earnings announcements. Research suggests that the likelihood of litigation influences managers stock trading decisions prior to material events. Using a long event methodology, the study hypothesizes and finds that insiders reduce their net stock sales in a monotonic manner before a new loss announcement presumably to avoid improper trading allegations before bad news. This decrease is more pronounced if the new loss is the start of a multiple loss sequence. In contrast, there is no significant change in net trading patterns in the quarters prior to a loss reversal announcement irrespective of whether the loss reversal is the start of a single profit or multiple profit sequence indicating that insiders seem less concerned about legal implications when trading before good news. The results suggest that insiders in loss firms perceive asymmetric litigation risks to trading stock in the quarters before bad news relative to good news and act accordingly. Author: Aier, Jagadison Krishnamurty Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 100 Publication Date: 2011/09/02 Language: English Dimensions: 9.69 x 7.44 x 0.21 inches

WINSOME TRADING INC.92310Basket 3small $42.38 For over three decades Winsome Furniture has been a manufacturer and distributor of high quality pantryware and lifestyle furniture for the home. Specializing in solid wood Winsome has continually brought forth innovative products in combinations of solid wood and other various materials such as wrought iron aluminum steel marble and glass. Decorate in your style and display only the best quality today. Basket 3smallEpresso. Product Dimensions: 11 in x 10 in x 9 in Set of 3 baskets Assembly Required: No Finish: Dark Espresso

Swing Lifestyle Symbol Sex Mini Button 10 pack by CafePress $20 The international symbol for the swing lifestlye. Let others know that you play by wearing this symbol. Perfect for your next lifestyle meet greet, Hedo, the beach or sexy party. Meet new playmates Sex Mini Button 10 pack Add fun accents to jackets, backpacks, or mix ‘n match our Mini Buttons. Our Mini Buttons are the perfect size for trading and collecting. Pin ‘em on1 inch diameter. Metal shell. Mylar/UV protecting cover. Pinned metal back

Sales $34.34 No Synopsis Available

Consumer Sales Law by Macleod, John Edition REV, 2 $23.61 Fully updated and revised, this comprehensive and informative textbook provides readers with an overview of current consumer sales law and equips them with a view of how this fast-changing subject has, and will continue to develop through the inclusion of new reform proposals. This book analyzes the interaction of consumer sales law with politics, the appeal of consumer protection to politicians and the influence of the European Union and the EU Directives. It also discusses the removal of consumer sales law from its traditional realm of legal professionals to consumer and debt advisors and public officials with the power to seek injunctions to protect consumers. In addition to this, it:fully integrates both the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005 and the Consumer Credit Act 2006 into the basic 1974 Actexplains how the sale of Goods Act 1979 has been modified by the 1999 Directivecombines the public protection of consumers under the Enterprise Act 2002 (e.g. Office of Fair Trading)is supplemented by comprehensive e-updates on its Companion Website, keeping the content current between editions.Written by an author with forty years experience of teaching sales and finance law to undergraduates, this textbook is an essential tool for all undergraduates studying commercial and consumer sales law.

Music Sales GUITARMAKING $35 Music Sales GUITARMAKING

Music Sales Beginning Guitar $5.95 Music Sales Beginning Guitar

Music Sales The Bass Deck $10.79 Music Sales The Bass Deck

Lifestyle Helper Spring Kit $525.99 Lifestyle Helper Spring Kit; Rear;

Home Is Where Your Business Is: The Secrets to Establishing a Business That Fits Your Lifestyle and Ambitions $21.17 Used – This book is written by a serial entrepreneur for aspiring entrepreneurs – It is written by someone who has walked the walk for those who would like to walk the walk of independence, freedom and full control of the lifestyle they would like to enjoy.Anyone can start a business – it may be trading goods on-line or at car-boot sales, but it takes something more to establish a successful business. In this book, Dennis Laverty does not look at starting a business – the focus is on establishin

Home Is Where Your Business Is: The Secrets to Establishing a Business That Fits Your Lifestyle and Ambitions $21.17 New – This book is written by a serial entrepreneur for aspiring entrepreneurs – It is written by someone who has walked the walk for those who would like to walk the walk of independence, freedom and full control of the lifestyle they would like to enjoy.Anyone can start a business – it may be trading goods on-line or at car-boot sales, but it takes something more to establish a successful business. In this book, Dennis Laverty does not look at starting a business – the focus is on establishing